NEW FEDERAL DRINKING WATER REGULATION
WHAT DID THE PUBLIC NOTICE SAY?
HOW DOES PFAS GET INTO MY DRINKING WATER?
WHAT TREATMENT PLANT SERVES MY HOME?
WHAT IF I AM NOT SUPPLIED WATER BY AWD?
DISCHARGE OF REVERSE OSMOSIS REJECT WATER
CURRENT DATA AND UPDATES
The Acton Water District proactively began sampling for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in early 2020, based on the presence of two Superfund Sites in Acton and the growing momentum towards regulation of PFAS at the state and federal level. Once PFAS were identified in our community, we moved forward with sampling all of our sources of supply, both treated and untreated. At this time, the Superfund sites do not appear to be the source of PFAS in our community although the new federal regulations could impact that assessment. Efforts to understand the source(s) of PFAS in Acton are ongoing.
Monthly monitoring of our treated water was initiated at the start of the 2021 calendar year. This determines our compliance with the drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 20 parts per trillion (ppt) for the sum of six PFAS (PFAS6) established for water systems in Massachusetts. It should be noted that compliance is based on a quarterly average and an individual sample above the MCL does not mean we are not in compliance. Previous monitoring in 2020 improved our knowledge of how PFAS is impacting our water system, and we continue to work with state regulators, consultants, and others to address PFAS in Acton’s drinking water.
After nearly four years of ongoing effort to test, select, design, permit, and install PFAS treatment at the North Acton Water Treatment Plant (NAWTP), this facility began supplying water with PFAS at non-detectable levels to our customers on June 1, 2024. With effective PFAS treatment in place, full capacity and use of the NAWTP has been restored, after being used intermittently to meet demand for water since early 2021. A pilot test was conducted between September 2020 and January 2021, and a design for a PFAS treatment system was completed and approved by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP). At the Annual District meeting on April 13, 2022, voters appropriated $1,000,000 to implement a PFAS treatment system to realize full use of this facility going forward. An emergency loan approved on April 8, 2022, from the Massachusetts Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) was utilized to finance construction of the permanent components of this treatment system. Additionally, money was appropriated that allowed the District to access American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds committed from the Town of Acton’s Federal ARPA allocation to cover the engineering costs of this treatment system. D&C Construction Co., Inc. of Weymouth, MA was awarded the construction contract in March 2023 and work began on the project in July 2023. Major system components, including the filter vessels and equalization tank, were delivered to the site in early December 2023. The filtration media was loaded into the treatment vessels in early April 2024, and commissioning and start-up followed, taking place through the end of May. On May 31, MassDEP provided conditional approval to operate this facility.
The Central Acton Water Treatment Plant (CAWTP), which consolidated the Conant 1 and Conant 2 wells into a single treatment plant, was placed into service on February 18, 2022. Monthly sampling results indicated increasing levels of PFAS6 over time, prompting us to alter the pumping schedule in late November 2022; this strategy has proven successful in reducing PFAS6 concentrations at this facility, which has had results below the MCL since February 2023. Additionally, two new sources of supply that have exhibited minimal PFAS concentrations are being pursued in this area, which may also help reduce PFAS concentrations at the CAWTP. A long duration pumping test was conducted on these bedrock wells during the spring of 2021 to support permitting by MassDEP. At the Annual District meeting on April 13, 2022, voters appropriated $200,000 to conduct a pilot test to determine PFAS treatment feasibility and estimated costs at the CAWTP. The pilot test concluded on February 13, 2023 and a pilot study report was subsequently reviewed and approved by MassDEP. At the Annual District meeting on March 15, 2023, voters appropriated $4.9 Million to acquire the 549 Main Street parcel, an important step in getting final approval for the two bedrock wells from MassDEP; this acquisition was completed in December 2023 and final approval for these wells is imminent. Voters also appropriated $2.4 Million to construct these wells at this meeting, which will enable the District to move forward with connecting them to the CAWTP. Finally, voters appropriated $5.42 Million to implement PFAS treatment at the CAWTP. Wright-Pierce began design work for this project in July 2023 and a preliminary treatment plan design has been reviewed by MassDEP. Bidding for this project and the construction of the bedrock wells was completed this spring. Due to a variety of factors, including the large number of public water systems that are seeking to install PFAS treatment and utilize federal funding for a variety of infrastructure improvements, both the cost of construction services and materials have risen notably. As such, the bids for this project came in over the initial estimate, and inclusive of engineering costs, the amount appropriated by voters in March 2023 is approximately $2.5 million short. A Special District Meeting was held on June 13, 2024, where voters appropriated the additional funds needed to complete this project so that construction can begin this summer as planned. A summary of the impacts of the additional authorization can be found here.
Wells serving the South Acton Water Treatment Plant (SAWTP) have been operating at a reduced capacity to help maintain PFAS levels at or below the MCL. To help restore the volume of water at this location, the Assabet 2 well was reactivated in October 2020. At our Annual District meeting on May 5, 2021, voters authorized funding to connect the previously permitted Assabet 3 well to the SAWTP; this well was placed into service in February 2023. Water quality testing has been initiated and we will continue to monitor the effectiveness of this solution, as to date, this well has remained in the single digits for PFAS6. The addition of the Assabet 2 and 3 wells helps us manage PFAS concentrations in treated water while maintaining a measure of flexibility in our system to meet customer demand for water. At the Annual District meeting on April 13, 2022, voters appropriated $200,000 to conduct a pilot test to determine treatment feasibility and estimated costs at the SAWTP. The pilot test was conducted from September to December 2022, and a pilot study report was subsequently reviewed and approved by MassDEP. At the Annual District meeting on March 15, 2023, voters appropriated $8.7 Million to implement PFAS treatment at this location. Weston & Sampson, the design engineer for this project, submitted a preliminary treatment plant design to MassDEP in late November 2023 and MassDEP approved the design in February 2024. Bidding for this project was recently completed, with construction to begin this summer.
The Clapp/Whitcomb Water Treatment Plant (CWWTP) utilizes granular activated carbon (GAC) filters as part of its treatment process. GAC has been identified as an effective treatment technology for reducing PFAS concentrations in drinking water, and sampling results from CWWTP in 2020 and 2021 support this. Unfortunately, the CWWTP has not been operated since the end of 2021 due to iron concentrations that are not being effectively reduced by the GAC filters.
The District began additional PFAS sampling in accordance with the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) in March 2023. This program seeks to collect nationally representative drinking water occurrence data for priority unregulated contaminants. This data supports United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) future regulatory determinations and as appropriate, assists in the development of national primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs). UCMR5, the current program, requires all public water systems serving 3,300 or more persons to test for 29 PFAS analytes and lithium between January 2023 and December 2025.
During this monitoring, eight of the 29 PFAS analytes were detected above the Minimum Reporting Level (MRL) at one or more of the District’s treatment plants. These results are comparable with those from routine monitoring conducted in accordance with Massachusetts’ PFAS6 MCL. Four of the detected analytes are currently regulated in the Commonwealth, while three of the remaining four do not currently have any proposed regulatory standards. The District’s UCMR5 sampling concluded in March 2024. A summary of data collected during this program and additional information are available here.
Multi-district Litigation (MDL) Settlements
At the September 14, 2020 Board of Water Commissioners’ meeting, the Board voted to sign on to PFAS litigation against manufacturers of these chemicals. The law firm of Napoli Shkolnick, PLLC with offices in New York and Massachusetts, was selected to represent the District as an affected party.
In June 2023, two landmark class action settlements emerged from the ongoing multi-district litigation (MDL) over the contamination of drinking water with PFAS resulting from the widespread use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF). The first settlement was a $1.185 billion agreement with DuPont, Chemours, and Corteva, which received final approval from the U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina on February 8, 2024. The second was a historic $10.3 billion agreement with 3M Company, which received final approval from the U.S. District Court in Charleston, South Carolina on March 29, 2024. These settlements, along with others to come, will provide funding for public water systems to conduct PFAS testing and implement PFAS treatment technologies. Details on how and when the funds will be distributed amongst claimants are emerging; however, it is clear that payments will be made over several years, with 3M funding the settlement from July 1, 2024 through April 15, 2036 and DuPont, Chemours, and Corteva paying out settlement monies through at least 2031.
Two additional settlements were announced this spring; the first was a $750 million agreement with Tyco Fire Products reached on April 12, 2024, and the second was a $316.5 million agreement with BASF Corporation on May 20, 2024. Both settlements are subject to approval by the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, a process that is expected to take many months.
While the final approval of the landmark Dupont and 3M settlements marks a significant milestone in the litigation, there are still several other chemical manufacturers who have not reached a settlement for the public drinking water PFAS-related liabilities. As a result, the litigation against these remaining chemical manufacturers persists.
NEW FEDERAL DRINKING WATER REGULATION
On April 10, 2024 the US EPA announced the final National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) for six PFAS compounds. This NPDWR sets an MCL of 4.0 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA and PFOS as individual contaminants, which is unchanged from the proposed regulation US EPA released on March 14, 2023. It also sets an MCL of 10 ppt for three other PFAS compounds as individual contaminants (PFHxS, GenX and PFNA), while addressing the combination of two or more of four PFAS compounds (PFHxS, GenX, PFNA, and PFBS) using a Hazard Index (HI). The Hazard Index is a tool used to evaluate health risks of simultaneous exposure to mixtures of related chemicals. Additionally, US EPA set Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) for each of the six PFAS. US EPA anticipates implementing this new NPDWR will result in fewer cancers; lower incidences of heart attacks, strokes, and liver disease; and reduced birth complications. A breakdown of the MCLs and MCLGs is shown in the table below.
The final MCLs for PFOS and PFOA are lower than the enforceable Massachusetts PFAS6 MCL, and two of the four compounds that are included in US EPA’s NPDWR are not currently regulated in Massachusetts. MassDEP administers the federal Safe Drinking Water Act and will need to be at least as stringent with their PFAS standard as US EPA; MassDEP will have up to two years to adopt the lower standard to comply with EPA’s primacy requirements. MassDEP has indicated they will convene a stakeholder group to advise them on adoption of revised PFAS standards and could choose to be more stringent than US EPA or act more quickly to adopt the standards than US EPA requires. We expect to learn more about MassDEP’s process in the coming months. Barring an accelerated implementation timeline from MassDEP, we will be expected to comply with US EPA’s standards beginning in 2029. Our response actions to date for the NAWTP, CAWTP, and SAWTP are anticipated to both meet the standards and be operational within this compliance timeline; however, it is anticipated that media replacements will need to more frequent than estimated in the pilot reports to maintain compliance with the lower standards. For more information about US EPA’s final PFAS in drinking water regulation, visit: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-04/pfas-npdwr_fact-sheet_general_4.9.24v1.pdf
REVISED HEALTH ADVISORIES
On June 15, 2022 the US EPA, issued new health advisories (HAs) for four of the PFAS chemicals. Information on this announcement is available at: https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/questions-and-answers-drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-pfos-genx-chemicals-and-pfbs. Two of the HAs are considered final and two are considered interim. The HAs for PFOA and PFOS are significantly lower than previous US EPA HAs, lower than current analytical methods can detect, and lower than the enforceable Massachusetts PFAS MCL and final US EPA MCL. While the District awaits further guidance and definitive actions from both the US EPA and MassDEP, we continue to make progress on reducing PFAS exposure through drinking water and meeting the enforceable standards promulgated by MassDEP. The actions we are taking support US EPA’s goals of informing the public and reducing overall exposure. At this time no additional actions will be taken in response to this announcement.
WHAT DID THE PUBLIC NOTICE SAY?
November 29, 2023 Public Notice
The notice of Public Notice (PN) provided to all customers receiving a water bill on November 29, 2023 is a required notice by MassDEP. Additional recipients included managers of multi-unit housing (apartments and condominiums), who were asked to communicate the message to residents of those communities, and individuals signed up for our PFAS email updates. All recipients are asked to share this information with anyone else who drinks this water. Please note that this PN is for a past exceedance of the Massachusetts PFAS6 standard for the months of July, August, and September 2023. All results may be viewed above on this website under Current Data and Updates.
If you have not read the public notice document, reviewed our webpage, or visited the informative links below, we highly encourage you to do so. This may seem like a large request, however, PFAS is a complicated matter with multiple aspects to understand.
The Acton Water District has been conducting monthly sampling of its operating sources for PFAS since the beginning of 2021. Our compliance with the Massachusetts drinking water standard, which was adopted in October 2020, is calculated for each operating treatment plant on a quarterly average basis. Since February 2021, we have been intermittently utilizing the North Acton Water Treatment Plant (NAWTP) to facilitate meeting the community’s demand for water. When our sampling results for July, August, and September 2023 were reviewed and averaged for compliance by MassDEP, an exceedance of the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for the third quarter was triggered at this facility. Our other operating facilities were in compliance with the MCL, representing approximately 93% of water supplied to our customers. We worked with MassDEP to communicate this violation and provide the required public notice to our customers.
The current notice is similar to the previous notices sent between June 2020 and April 2023. The continued focus is to make the community aware that PFAS is present in Acton and to remind members of the sensitive sub-population as defined by MassDEP of the potential risks of consuming the water. Please see the section below on our bottled water rebate program for members of the sensitive sub-population as we work toward implementation of long term solutions. We have heard from many customers that they believe being an older adult or senior puts them at risk. We would like to clarify that older adults would only meet MassDEP’s definition of the sensitive sub-population if they have a medically diagnosed compromised immune system. Please consult with a medical provider if you have questions.
Actions to address PFAS in the public water system are ongoing. Of note, we have altered how we operate our wells and treatment plants, reactivated idle wells, and identified the best available treatment technology for PFAS removal at all our operational facilities. This work is ongoing, and we continue to review the latest water quality data and adjust our course as needed. Based on the past several months of data, these actions are having a positive impact on reducing PFAS below the MCL. Additional information on our actions is described in the Current Data and Updates Section above.
At this time, the District is not the only impacted water system in Acton and all direct neighboring communities have identified PFAS in varying concentrations. This includes both public and private wells in these communities.
BOTTLED WATER REBATE PROGRAM
In recognition of the ongoing presence of PFAS in certain sources of water utilized by the Acton Water District, the Board of Water Commissioners voted on August 2, 2021 to offer rebates to residential water customers in the sensitive subgroup, as defined by the MassDEP, to assist with the purchase of bottled water. You do not need to directly receive a water bill to be eligible for the rebate. Details of the program and an application are available at https://www.actonwater.com/customer-service/bottled-water-rebate-program-for-sensitive-subgroups.
HOW DOES PFAS GET INTO MY DRINKING WATER?
According to the US EPA, PFAS are a group of thousands of manufactured chemicals that have been used in industry and consumer products worldwide since the 1940s because of their useful properties, like their fire resistance and ability to repel stains, grease, and water. PFOA and PFOS are two of the most widely used and studied PFAS; they have been replaced in the US in recent years with newer PFAS like GenX and PFBS. Many PFAS compounds break down very slowly, meaning concentrations can accumulate in people, animals, and the environment over time.
PFAS can get into drinking water in a variety of ways. The compounds can leach from landfills, disposal sites, and hazardous waste sites into nearby soil and source waters. They can impact water in areas where aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) have been applied to extinguish fires. Manufacturing or chemical production facilities that use or produce PFAS may release the compounds into the air or water. Biosolids containing PFAS applied to agricultural lands can run off into local surface waters or percolate into groundwater.
Current scientific research suggests that exposure to high levels of certain PFAS may lead to adverse health outcomes. Research is underway to better understand the health effects of long-term exposure to low levels of PFAS, especially in children, and to determine how different levels of PFAS exposure can lead to a variety of health effects.
HOW AM I EXPOSED TO PFAS?
PFAS can be present in our water, soil, air, and food as well as in materials found in our homes or workplaces, including:
- Drinking water – in public drinking water systems and private drinking water wells.
- Food – for example, in fish caught from water contaminated by PFAS and dairy products from livestock exposed to PFAS.
- Food packaging – for example, in grease-resistant paper, fast food containers/wrappers, microwave popcorn bags, pizza boxes, and candy wrappers.
- Household products and dust – for example, in stain and water-repellent used on carpets, upholstery, clothing, and other fabrics; cleaning products; non-stick cookware; paints, varnishes, and sealants.
- Personal care products – for example, in certain shampoo, dental floss, and cosmetics.
While certain PFAS chemicals are no longer manufactured in the US as a result of phase outs, like the PFOA Stewardship Program , they are still produced internationally and can be imported into the US in consumer goods such as carpet, leather and apparel, textiles, paper and packaging, coatings, rubber and plastics.
PART PER TRILLION
In order to understand what a chemical measurement means, one needs to have a basic understanding of the type of measuring units used and what they represent. Prior to regulation of PFAS, most of our contaminants were measured using concentration units such as parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb). But what is a ppm, ppb, or ppt for that matter, in plain English?
To illustrate, let’s use an example of liquid chlorine added to our water in the treatment process at 1.0 ppm. This value refers to one part of chemical (in this case, liquid chlorine) found in one million parts of our water. To realize how small a value this is, see the following analogies:
One part per million (ppm) equals:
- 1 inch in 16 miles
One part per billion (ppb) equals:
- 1 inch in 16,000 miles
One part per trillion (ppt) equals:
- 1 inch in 16 million miles (600+ times around the earth)
HOW CAN I STAY INFORMED?
If you do not typically receive a water bill from the Acton Water District and wish to receive future updates regarding PFAS, please visit this website periodically or send an email to wq@actonwater.com with “Updates” in the subject line. Please include your name, address, and email to be informed of new information and future developments related to PFAS.
WHAT TREATMENT PLANT SERVES MY HOME?
Many people have asked which source the water serving them is from. Our water system is a dynamic system that includes four treatment plants, four treated water storage tanks, and over 130 miles of water pipes. Because the water all pumps into the system, and system hydraulics (how the water moves around in the pipes) can change based on time of day, season, water demand, and how we are operating the various treatment systems, it can be difficult to pinpoint this information. For some customers it is relatively easy to pinpoint but other areas are more challenging, and an answer provided today could be different in a week. Given our current knowledge of PFAS, the numbers reported at our treatment plants should represent a worst-case scenario; because the water blends in the piping distribution system and storage tanks, it is anticipated that PFAS concentrations would be lower at a consumer’s tap. Currently, the NAWTP is supplying approximately 20% of the system demand, the SAWTP is supplying approximately 70% of the system demand, and the CAWTP is supplying approximately 10% of the system demand. All three facilities are complying with the PFAS6 MCL.
WHAT IF I AM NOT SUPPLIED WATER BY AWD?
The December 2022 Public Notice regarding PFAS was sent to every Postal Patron in Acton. This included many people who do not receive water from the District but may have an interest in knowing that PFAS is present in the community. If you have questions regarding PFAS in your primary water supply, you may wish to contact one of the following water systems that may serve recipients of our Public Notice. Contact phone numbers listed are from publicly available records and may not be current.
Concord Water Division 978-318-3250
Littleton Water Department 978-540-2222
Pine Hill Condominium 978-264-0166
Acton Indoor Tennis/Nashoba Sportsman’s Club 978-263-9059
Planet Gymnastics/All Seasons Tennis 978-263-1900
PRIVATE WELL RESOURCES
In the spring of 2020, the Acton Board of Health mailed a fact sheet regarding PFAS to owners of private wells that they had contact information for. Additional resources and information are available for private well owners which can be found here: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-in-private-well-drinking-water-supplies-faq. You may contact the Acton Health Department at 978-929-6632 for additional information on private wells.
WATER FILTERS
Customers wishing to reduce exposure from PFAS in drinking water by filtration in the home should follow the guidance of MassDEP featured below. The US EPA has also developed a fact sheet on home filters in light of the new federal standards, which can be found here. The Acton Water District does not make recommendations on filters. If you currently own a filter, it is best to contact the manufacturer directly to determine its effectiveness at reducing or removing PFAS. If a current filter is not effective, the manufacturer may be able to advise you on an alternate filter that can be installed using existing equipment.
Some studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of different water filters at reducing PFAS concentrations in drinking water. MassDEP and its partner UMass Amherst evaluated the effectiveness of commercially available Point of Use (POU) devices to remove PFAS from drinking water in Massachusetts. You can access this report and view the results from this study here.
From MassDEP:
Home Water Filters
There are also home water treatment filters capable of removing PFAS from drinking water for the countertop or under the sink. Treatment systems and devices are not specifically designed to meet Massachusetts’ drinking water standard for PFAS6. There are systems that have been designed to reduce the sum of PFOS and PFOA to below EPA’s former Health Advisory of 70 ng/L. Any treatment device you use should be certified to meet the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) standards to remove PFOS and PFOA compounds so that the sum of their concentrations is below 70 ng/L. Please be aware that 70 ng/L is significantly greater than the MassDEP’s drinking water standard of 20 ng/L for the PFAS6 compounds. Many of these treatment devices certified to meet NSF standards will likely be able to reduce PFAS6 levels to well below 70 ng/L, but there are no federal or state testing requirements for these treatment devices. If you choose to install a treatment device, you should check to see if the manufacturer has independently verifiable PFAS6 monitoring results demonstrating that the device can reduce PFAS below 20 ng/L. See more detailed information on treatment systems in the Private Well Factsheet.
Discharge of Reverse Osmosis Reject Water
MassDEP’s Title 5 regulations prohibit the discharge of water purification or filtration devices to septic systems. The groundwater discharge regulations provide that such discharges to a dry well or otherwise to the ground would need a permit, unless they are registered with MassDEP through the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program. Here is the link to MassDEP’s guidance on UIC wells:
Standard Design Guidelines for Shallow UIC Class V Injection Wells
ARCHIVE OF STATUS UPDATES
As new updates are provided, the previous information will be available here organized by date.
2024: July 24, 2024 Data Table; August 8, 2024; July 5, 2024; June 3, 2024; April 18, 2024 Data Table; April 18, 2024; February 26, 2024 Data Table; February 12, 2024; February 12, 2024 Data Table
2023: December 11, 2023 Data Table; December 11, 2023; November 28, 2023; November 16, 2023 Data Table; October 31, 2023 Data Table; September 12, 2023 Data Table; September 12, 2023; August 14, 2023 Data Table; August 2, 2023 Data Table; July 17, 2023 Data Table; July 17, 2023; June 28, 2023 Data Table; May 16, 2023 Data Table; April 5, 2023; March 24, 2023 Data Table; March 27, 2023; February 23, 2023 Data Table; February 23, 2023
2022: December 14, 2022 Data Table; December 14, 2022; November 21, 2022 Data Table; October 27, 2022 Data Table; August 15, 2022; August 15, 2022; July 20, 2022 Data Table; July 20, 2022; June 15, 2022 Data Table; May 16, 2022 Data Table; April 11, 2022 Data Table; March 9, 2022 Data Table ; February 9, 2022 Data Table; February 10, 2022; January 12, 2022
2021: December 9, 2021; November 8, 2021 Data Table; October 1, 2021 Data Table; October 1, 2021; July 20, 2021; June 17, 2021 Data Table; May 19, 2021 Data Table; April 1, 2021; February 18, 2021
2020: December 16, 2020; September 29, 2020; August 10, 2020; July 22, 2020; July 9, 2020; June 25, 2020
RESOURCES/LINKS
USEPA PFAS Resources
https://www.epa.gov/pfas
MassDEP PFAS Resources for Public Water Supplies
https://www.mass.gov/info-details/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas
MassDEP PFAS Regulatory Process
https://www.mass.gov/lists/development-of-a-pfas-drinking-water-standard-mcl
MassDPH Bottled Water Standards
https://www.mass.gov/info-details/water-quality-standards-for-bottled-water-in-massachusetts
MassDEP Certified Labs
https://eeaonline.eea.state.ma.us/DEP/Labcert/Labcert.aspx
MassDPH
https://www.mass.gov/service-details/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-in-drinking-water
Green Acton
https://greenacton.org/2020/07/06/pfas-101/
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Guide for Clinicians
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/docs/clinical-guidance-12-20-2019.pdf
American Water Works Association PFAS Cycle
https://www.awwa.org/Portals/0/AWWA/ETS/Resources/HowPFASCycleThroughtheEnvironmentV2.jpg?ver=2019-11-14-104702-713
Safe Water Massachusetts
https://www.safewatermass.org/
July 13, 2020 Acton Water District PFAS Meeting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UEzewmQ4mE
October 14, 2020 Green Acton and the League of Women Voters Virtual PFAS Forum
https://greenacton.org/2020/10/29/pfas-panel-discussion-follow-up#more-6421
June 11, 2021 Acton in Focus - State of Acton's Water with the Acton Water District
http://actontv.org/on-demand/post-video/acton-in-focus-state-of-actons-water-with-the-acton-water-district
November 18, 2022 Acton in Focus – PFAS in our Water – Acton Water District Update
http://actontv.org/on-demand/post-video/pfas-in-our-water-acton-water-district-update
July 3, 2024 Acton in Focus - North Acton PFAS Removal
https://actontv.org/on-demand/post-video/acton-in-focus-pfas-removal-with-matthew-mostoller-acton-water-district
July 3, 2024 North Acton PFAS Speakers
https://actontv.org/on-demand/post-video/speakers-for-acton-pfas-treatment-celebration
